Exercise and Human Reproduction by Diana Vaamonde Stefan S du Plessis & Ashok Agarwal

Author:Diana Vaamonde, Stefan S du Plessis & Ashok Agarwal
Language: eng
Format: epub
Publisher: Springer New York, New York, NY

Conclusion

Adolescent girls and premenopausal women engaging in regular exercise, including both recreational and competitive physical activity , are at risk of developing a menstrual disturbance if energy intake is inadequate to compensate for energy expenditure, resulting in an energy deficit. EAMD include both clinical presentations (i.e., FHA and oligomenorrhea ) and subclinical presentations (i.e., LPD and anovulation); therefore, awareness of the importance of adequate energy intake among exercising girls and women is essential. Each menstrual disturbance is linked to spontaneous abortion or infertility , thereby having a profound effect on fecundity. However, with the maintenance of a replete energy state, EAMD that is commonly observed among exercising women can be avoided. Nonpharmacological strategies to prevent and reverse EAMD include consuming adequate kilocalories on a daily basis to support healthy body weight and menstrual function . Although energy intake requirements vary among individuals, regular estimations of daily energy expenditure and energy intake and subsequent calculations of energy balance (energy intake–energy expenditure) will promote maintenance of a positive energy balance that should ultimately result in favorable outcomes for both reproductive and overall health.

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